Author: Alex

Local variables Variables defined inside the body of a function are called local variables (as opposed to global variables, which we’ll discuss in a future chapter): int add(int x, int y) { int z{ x + y }; // z is a local variable return z; } Function parameters are …

In the previous lesson, we learned that we could have a function return a value back to the function’s caller. We used that to create a modular getValueFromUser function that we used in this program: #include <iostream> int getValueFromUser() { std::cout << “Enter an integer: “; int input{}; std::cin >> …

In this lesson, we’ll talk more about std::cout, which we used in our Hello world! program to output the text Hello world! to the console. We’ll also explore how to get input from the user, which we will use to make our programs more interactive. The (io library) is part …

What is C++11? On August 12, 2011, the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) approved a new version of C++, called C++11. C++11 adds a whole new set of features to the C++ language! Use of these new features is entirely optional — but you will undoubtedly find some of them …

In the previous lessons on integers, we covered that C++ only guarantees that integer variables will have a minimum size — but they could be larger, depending on the target system. For example, an int has a minimum size of 16-bits, but its typically 32-bits on modern architectures. If you …

Always use parentheses to disambiguate the precedence of operators if there is any question or opportunity for confusion. The arithmetic operators all work like they do in normal mathematics. The remainder (%) operator returns the remainder from an integer division. The increment and decrement operators can be used to easily …