In lesson , we noted that C++ has minimum size guarantees for each of the fundamental types. However, the actual size of these types can vary based on the compiler and architecture. This variability was allowed so that the int and double data types could be set to the size …
In lesson , we covered syntax errors, which occur when you write code that is not valid according to the grammar of the C++ language. The compiler will notify you of such errors, so they are trivial to catch, and usually straightforward to fix. We also covered semantic errors, which …
In the previous lesson , we discussed how to write and preserve simple tests. In this lesson, we’ll talk about what kind of tests are useful to write to ensure your code is correct. The term is used to describe how much of the source code of a program is …
The last category of flow control statement we’ll cover in this chapter is the halt. A is a flow control statement that terminates the program. In C++, halts are implemented as functions (rather than keywords), so our halt statements will be function calls. Let’s take a brief detour, and recap …
This lesson continues our exploration of switch statements that we started in the prior lesson . In the prior lesson, we mentioned that each set of statements underneath a label should end in a break statement or a return statement. In this lesson, we’ll explore why, and talk about some …
This lesson is a continuation of lesson . In this lesson, we’ll take a look at some common problems that occur when using if statements. It is possible to nest if statements within other if statements: #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << “Enter a number: “; int x{}; std::cin …
(h/t to reader Koe for providing the first draft of this lesson!) In lesson , we covered std::move, which casts its lvalue argument to an rvalue so that we can invoke move semantics. And in lesson , we covered the noexcept exception specifier and operator. This lesson builds on both …
(h/t to reader Koe for providing the first draft of this lesson!) Looking at a typical function declaration, it is not possible to determine whether a function might throw an exception or not: int doSomething(); // can this function throw an exception or not? In the above example, can doSomething() …
Congrats! You made it through another one. The knowledge you gained regarding structs will be useful when we get to C++’s most important topic — classes! A (also called a ) is a custom type that we can create for use in our own programs. The enumerated types and class …
C++ supports two variants of namespaces that are worth at least knowing about. We won’t build on these, so consider this lesson optional for now. Unnamed (anonymous) namespaces An (also called an ) is a namespace that is defined without a name, like so: #include <iostream> namespace // unnamed namespace …
