In this chapter, we explored the meat of C++ — classes! This is the most important chapter in the tutorial series, as it sets the stage for much of what’s left to come. Chapter Review In , the focus is on creating “procedures” (which in C++ are called functions) that …
When writing a class that has multiple constructors (which is most of them), having to specify default values for all members in each constructor results in redundant code. If you update the default value for a member, you need to touch each constructor. It’s possible to give normal class member …
Another chapter down! There’s just this pesky quiz to get past… Function arguments can be passed by value, reference or address. Use pass by value for fundamental data types and enumerators. Use pass by reference for structs, classes, or when you need the function to modify an argument. Use pass …
In the previous lessons in this chapter, we introduced containers, arrays, and std::vector. We also discussed topics such as how to access array elements, get the length of an array, and how to traverse an array. While we used std::vector in our examples, the concepts that we have discussed are …
Chapter Review Fixed-size arrays (or fixed-length arrays) require that the length of the array be known at the point of instantiation, and that length cannot be changed afterward. C-style arrays and std::array are both fixed-size arrays. Dynamic arrays can be resized at runtime. std::vector is a dynamic array. The length …
In the previous lesson , we introduced both containers and arrays. In this lesson, we’ll introduce the array type that we’ll be focused on for the rest of the chapter: std::vector. We’ll also solve one part of the scalability challenge we introduced last lesson. Introduction to std::vector std::vector is one …
In lesson , we introduced containers and arrays. To summarize: Containers provide storage for a collection of unnamed objects (called elements). Arrays allocate their elements contiguously in memory, and allow fast, direct access to any element via subscripting. C++ has three different array types that are commonly used: std::vector, std::array, …
This lesson is optional, for advanced readers who want to learn more about C++. No future lessons build on this lesson. A pointer to a pointer is exactly what you’d expect: a pointer that holds the address of another pointer. Pointers to pointers A normal pointer to an int is …
In the previous lesson on bitwise operators (), we discussed how the various bitwise operators apply logical operators to each bit within the operands. Now that we understand how they function, let’s take a look at how they’re more commonly used. In order to manipulate individual bits (e.g. turn them …
In addition to dynamically allocating single values, we can also dynamically allocate arrays of variables. Unlike a fixed array, where the array size must be fixed at compile time, dynamically allocating an array allows us to choose an array length at runtime (meaning our length does not need to be …
