Consider a function in which we dynamically allocate a value: void someFunction() { Resource* ptr = new Resource(); // Resource is a struct or class // do stuff with ptr here delete ptr; } Although the above code seems fairly straightforward, it’s fairly easy to forget to deallocate ptr. Even …
Chapter review Exception handling provides a mechanism to decouple handling of errors or other exceptional circumstances from the typical control flow of your code. This allows more freedom to handle errors when and how ever is most useful for a given situation, alleviating many (if not all) of the messiness …
Try and catch blocks work well enough in most cases, but there is one particular case in which they are not sufficient. Consider the following example: #include <iostream> class A { private: int m_x; public: A(int x) : m_x{x} { if (x <= 0) throw 1; // Exception thrown here …
Occasionally you may run into a case where you want to catch an exception, but not want to (or have the ability to) fully handle it at the point where you catch it. This is common when you want to log an error, but pass the issue along to the …
Consider the following short program: #include <iostream> enum class FruitType { apple, banana, cherry }; class Fruit { private: FruitType m_type { }; int m_percentageEaten { 0 }; public: Fruit(FruitType type) : m_type { type } { } FruitType getType() { return m_type; } int getPercentageEaten() { return m_percentageEaten; } …
Templates allow us to write functions or classes using placeholder types, so that we can stencil out identical versions of the function or class using different types. A function or class that has been instantiated is called a function or class instance. All template functions or classes must start with …
In previous lesson , we took a look at a simple templated Storage class, along with a specialization for type double: #include <iostream> template <typename T> class Storage { private: T m_value {}; public: Storage(T value) : m_value { value } { } void print() { std::cout << m_value << …
When instantiating a function template for a given type, the compiler stencils out a copy of the templated function and replaces the template type parameters with the actual types used in the variable declaration. This means a particular function will have the same implementation details for each instanced type (just …
And so our journey through C++’s inheritance and virtual functions comes to an end. Fret not, dear reader, for there are plenty of other areas of C++ to explore as we move forward. Chapter summary C++ allows you to set base class pointers and references to a derived object. This …
Consider the following program that makes use of a virtual function: #include <iostream> class Base { public: virtual void print() const { std::cout << “Base”; } }; class Derived : public Base { public: void print() const override { std::cout << “Derived”; } }; int main() { Derived d{}; Base& …
