To address some common challenges with inheritance, C++ has two inheritance-related identifiers: override and final. Note that these identifiers are not keywords — they are normal words that have special meaning only when used in certain contexts. The C++ standard calls them “identifiers with special meaning”, but they are often …
Inheritance allows us to model an is-a relationship between two objects. The object being inherited from is called the parent class, base class, or superclass. The object doing the inheriting is called the child class, derived class, or subclass. When a derived class inherits from a base class, the derived …
In this chapter, we learned about some different kinds of relationships between two objects. Summary The process of building complex objects from simpler ones is called object composition. There are two types of object composition: composition, and aggregation. Composition exists when a member of a class has a part-of relationship …
So, you’ve written a program, it compiles, and it even appears to work! What now? Well, it depends. If you’ve written your program to be run once and discarded, then you’re done. In this case, it may not matter that your program doesn’t work for every case — if it …
So far, we’ve explored 3 types of relationships: composition, aggregation, and association. We’ve saved the simplest one for last: dependencies. In casual conversation, we use the term dependency to indicate that an object is reliant upon another object for a given task. For example, if you break your foot, you …
In the previous two lessons, we’ve looked at two types of object composition, composition and aggregation. Object composition is used to model relationships where a complex object is built from one or more simpler objects (parts). In this lesson, we’ll take a look at a weaker type of relationship between …
Life is full of recurring patterns, relationships, and hierarchies between objects. By exploring and understanding these, we can gain insight into how real-life objects behave, enhancing our understanding of those objects. For example, let’s say one day you’re walking down the street, and you see a bright yellow object attached …
In this chapter, we explored topics related to operator overloading, as well as overloaded typecasts, and topics related to the copy constructor. Summary Operator overloading is a variant of function overloading that lets you overload operators for your classes. When operators are overloaded, the intent of the operators should be …
The copy assignment operator (operator=) is used to copy values from one object to another already existing object. Related content As of C++11, C++ also supports “Move assignment”. We discuss move assignment in lesson . Copy assignment vs Copy constructor The purpose of the copy constructor and the copy assignment …
In lesson , we introduced type conversion and the concept of implicit type conversion, where the compiler will implicitly convert a value of one type to a value of another type as needed if such a conversion exists. This allows us to do things like this: #include <iostream> void printDouble(double …
