In lesson , we mentioned that arrays are stored sequentially in memory. In this lesson, we’ll take a deeper look at how arrays indexing math works. Although we won’t use the indexing math in future lessons, the topics covered in this lesson will give you insight into how range-based for …
In the previous lesson (), we covered the basics of pointers, which are objects that hold the address of another object. This address can be dereferenced using the dereference operator (*) to get the object at that address: #include <iostream> int main() { int x{ 5 }; std::cout << x …
Now that we’ve covered what functions are and some of their basic capabilities, let’s take a closer look at why they’re useful. New programmers often ask, “Can’t we just put all the code inside the main function?” For simple programs, you absolutely can. However, functions provide a number of benefits …
In lesson , we showed examples where we used a for-loop to iterate through each element of an array using a loop variable as an index. Here’s another example of such: #include <iostream> #include <vector> int main() { std::vector fibonacci { 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, …
There’s a subtle redundancy lurking in this simple variable definition: double d{ 5.0 }; In C++, we are required to provide an explicit type for all objects. Thus, we’ve specified that variable d is of type double. However, the literal value 5.0 used to initialize d also has type double …
Chapter Review The specific sequence of statements that the CPU executes in a program is called the program’s . A takes the same path every time it is run. (also called ) allow the programmer to change the normal path of execution. When a control flow statement causes the program …
Chapter Review We covered a lot of material in this chapter. Good job, you’re doing great! A or is a group of zero or more statements that is treated by the compiler as if it were a single statement. Blocks begin with a { symbol, end with a } symbol, …
In lesson , we introduced C-style string literals: #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << “Hello, world!”; // “Hello world!” is a C-style string literal. return 0; } While C-style string literals are fine to use, C-style string variables behave oddly, are hard to work with (e.g. you can’t use …
Although unscoped enumerations are distinct types in C++, they are not type safe, and in some cases will allow you to do things that don’t make sense. Consider the following case: #include <iostream> int main() { enum Color { red, blue, }; enum Fruit { banana, apple, }; Color color …
In lesson , we discussed that the compiler can implicitly convert a value from one data type to another through a system called implicit type conversion. When you want to numerically promote a value from one data type to a wider data type, using implicit type conversion is fine. Many …
