There’s a subtle redundancy lurking in this simple variable definition: double d{ 5.0 }; In C++, we are required to provide an explicit type for all objects. Thus, we’ve specified that variable d is of type double. However, the literal value 5.0 used to initialize d also has type double …
Chapter Review The specific sequence of statements that the CPU executes in a program is called the program’s . A takes the same path every time it is run. (also called ) allow the programmer to change the normal path of execution. When a control flow statement causes the program …
Chapter Review We covered a lot of material in this chapter. Good job, you’re doing great! A or is a group of zero or more statements that is treated by the compiler as if it were a single statement. Blocks begin with a { symbol, end with a } symbol, …
In lesson , we introduced C-style string literals: #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << “Hello, world!”; // “Hello world!” is a C-style string literal. return 0; } While C-style string literals are fine to use, C-style string variables behave oddly, are hard to work with (e.g. you can’t use …
Although unscoped enumerations are distinct types in C++, they are not type safe, and in some cases will allow you to do things that don’t make sense. Consider the following case: #include <iostream> int main() { enum Color { red, blue, }; enum Fruit { banana, apple, }; Color color …
In lesson , we discussed that the compiler can implicitly convert a value from one data type to another through a system called implicit type conversion. When you want to numerically promote a value from one data type to a wider data type, using implicit type conversion is fine. Many …
If you were to ask a veteran programmer for one piece of advice on good programming practices, after some thought, the most likely answer would be, “Avoid global variables!”. And with good reason: global variables are one of the most historically abused concepts in the language. Although they may seem …
In lesson , we introduced local variables, which are variables that are defined inside a function (including function parameters). It turns out that C++ actually doesn’t have a single attribute that defines a variable as being a local variable. Instead, local variables have several different properties that differentiate how these …
Introduction to constants In programming, a constant is a value that may not be changed during the program’s execution. C++ supports two different kinds of constants: Named constants are constant values that are associated with an identifier. These are also sometimes called symbolic constants. Literal constants are constant values that …
A (also called a ) is a collection of project settings that determines how your IDE will build your project. The build configuration typically includes things like what the executable will be named, what directories the IDE will look in for other code and library files, whether to keep or …
