And now the real fun begins — in the next set of lessons, we’ll cover loops. Loops are control flow constructs that allow a piece of code to execute repeatedly until some condition is met. Loops add a significant amount of flexibility into your programming toolkit, allowing you to do …
The next kind of control flow statement we’ll cover is the unconditional jump. An unconditional jump causes execution to jump to another spot in the code. The term “unconditional” means the jump always happens (unlike an if-statement or switch-statement, where the jump only happens conditionally based on the result of …
Although it is possible to chain many if-else-statements together, this is both difficult to read and inefficient. Consider the following program: #include <iostream> void printDigitName(int x) { if (x == 1) std::cout << “One”; else if (x == 2) std::cout << “Two”; else if (x == 3) std::cout << “Three”; …
The first category of control flow statements we’ll talk about is conditional statements. A is a statement that specifies whether some associated statement(s) should be executed or not. C++ supports two basic kinds of conditionals: if statements (which we introduced in lesson , and will talk about further here) and …
When a program is run, the CPU begins execution at the top of main(), executes some number of statements (in sequential order by default), and then the program terminates at the end of main(). The specific sequence of statements that the CPU executes is called the program’s (or , for …
There are many instances in programming where we need more than one variable in order to represent something of interest. As we discussed in the introduction to the previous chapter (), a fraction has a numerator and denominator that are linked together into a single mathematical object. Alternatively, lets say …
Type aliases In C++, is a keyword that creates an alias for an existing data type. To create such a type alias, we use the using keyword, followed by a name for the type alias, followed by an equals sign and an existing data type. For example: using Distance = …
C++ contains many useful fundamental and compound data types (which we introduced in lessons and ). But these types aren’t always sufficient for the kinds of things we want to do. For example, let’s say you’re writing a program that needs to keep track of whether an apple is red, …
The value of an object is stored as a sequence of bits, and the data type of the object tells the compiler how to interpret those bits into meaningful values. Different data types may represent the “same” number differently. For example, the integer value 3 might be stored as binary …
The term static is one of the most confusing terms in the C++ language, in large part because static has different meanings in different contexts. In prior lessons, we covered that global variables have static duration, which means they are created when the program starts and destroyed when the program …
