Now that we’ve covered std::vector and std::array, we’ll complete our coverage of arrays by covering the last array type: C-style arrays. As mentioned in lesson , C-style arrays were inherited from the C language, and are built-in to the core language of C++ (unlike the rest of the array types, …
Although you have already seen the break statement in the context of switch statements (), it deserves a fuller treatment since it can be used with other types of control flow statements as well. The causes a while loop, do-while loop, for loop, or switch statement to end, with execution …
By far, the most utilized loop statement in C++ is the for-statement. The (also called a ) is preferred when we have an obvious loop variable because it lets us easily and concisely define, initialize, test, and change the value of loop variables. As of C++11, there are two different …
Consider the case where we want to show the user a menu and ask them to make a selection — and if the user chooses an invalid selection, to ask them again. Clearly the menu and selection should go inside a loop of some kind (so we can keep asking …
And now the real fun begins — in the next set of lessons, we’ll cover loops. Loops are control flow constructs that allow a piece of code to execute repeatedly until some condition is met. Loops add a significant amount of flexibility into your programming toolkit, allowing you to do …
The next kind of control flow statement we’ll cover is the unconditional jump. An unconditional jump causes execution to jump to another spot in the code. The term “unconditional” means the jump always happens (unlike an if-statement or switch-statement, where the jump only happens conditionally based on the result of …
Although it is possible to chain many if-else-statements together, this is both difficult to read and inefficient. Consider the following program: #include <iostream> void printDigitName(int x) { if (x == 1) std::cout << “One”; else if (x == 2) std::cout << “Two”; else if (x == 3) std::cout << “Three”; …
The first category of control flow statements we’ll talk about is conditional statements. A is a statement that specifies whether some associated statement(s) should be executed or not. C++ supports two basic kinds of conditionals: if statements (which we introduced in lesson , and will talk about further here) and …
When a program is run, the CPU begins execution at the top of main(), executes some number of statements (in sequential order by default), and then the program terminates at the end of main(). The specific sequence of statements that the CPU executes is called the program’s (or , for …
There are many instances in programming where we need more than one variable in order to represent something of interest. As we discussed in the introduction to the previous chapter (), a fraction has a numerator and denominator that are linked together into a single mathematical object. Alternatively, lets say …
