Type aliases In C++, is a keyword that creates an alias for an existing data type. To create such a type alias, we use the using keyword, followed by a name for the type alias, followed by an equals sign and an existing data type. For example: using Distance = …
C++ contains many useful fundamental and compound data types (which we introduced in lessons and ). But these types aren’t always sufficient for the kinds of things we want to do. For example, let’s say you’re writing a program that needs to keep track of whether an apple is red, …
We introduced type conversion in lesson . To recap the most important points from that lesson: The process of converting data from one type to another type is called “type conversion”. Implicit type conversion is performed automatically by the compiler when one data type is required, but a different data …
The term static is one of the most confusing terms in the C++ language, in large part because static has different meanings in different contexts. In prior lessons, we covered that global variables have static duration, which means they are created when the program starts and destroyed when the program …
In lesson , we covered that local variables are variables defined inside a function body. Local variables have block scope (are only visible within the block they are declared in), and have automatic duration (they are created at the point of definition and destroyed when the block is exited). In …
A (also called a , or ) is a group of zero or more statements that is treated by the compiler as if it were a single statement. Blocks begin with a { symbol, end with a } symbol, with the statements to be executed being placed in between. Blocks …
The bitwise operators C++ provides 6 bit manipulation operators, often called operators: Operator Symbol Form The operation returns a value where: left shift << x << n the bits from x are shifted left by n positions, new bits are 0. right shift >> x >> n the bits from …
Consider a decimal integral value, such as 5623. We intuitively understand that these digits mean (5 * 1000) + (6 * 100) + (2 * 10) + (3 * 1). Because there are 10 decimal numbers, the value of each subsequent digit to the left increases by a factor of …
While relational (comparison) operators can be used to test whether a particular condition is true or false, they can only test one condition at a time. Often we need to know whether multiple conditions are true simultaneously. For example, to check whether we’ve won the lottery, we have to compare …
are operators that let you compare two values. There are 6 relational operators: You have already seen how most of these work, and they are pretty intuitive. Each of these operators evaluates to the boolean value true (1), or false (0). Here’s some sample code using these operators with integers: …
